PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.